An Elastic IP (EIP) is a static, public IPv4 address provided by AWS that you can allocate to your AWS account and attach to an EC2 instance. Unlike the default public IP assigned to an EC2 instance, an Elastic IP does not change when the instance is stopped, started, or rebooted.
Why Elastic IP Is Important for EC2 Instances
When you launch an EC2 instance without an Elastic IP, AWS assigns it a dynamic public IP. This IP changes every time the instance stops or restarts, which can cause serious issues for production workloads.
Elastic IP solves this problem by providing IP stability, which is critical for many real-world use cases.
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Key Reasons to Attach an Elastic IP
1. Stable Public Access
Web applications, blogs, APIs, and services require a consistent IP address. Elastic IP ensures users can always reach your EC2 instance without updating DNS or firewall rules.
2. Prevents Downtime During Restarts
Without an Elastic IP, restarting an EC2 instance changes its public IP. With an Elastic IP attached, the IP remains the same, reducing service disruption.
3. Simplifies DNS Configuration
Elastic IP allows you to point your domain (via Route 53 or another DNS provider) to a fixed IP address, avoiding repeated DNS updates.
4. Improves Failover and Recovery
In high-availability setups, an Elastic IP can be quickly remapped from a failed instance to a healthy one, enabling faster recovery.
5. Essential for Whitelisted Access
Some third-party services, security groups, or corporate firewalls require a fixed IP address to allow access. Elastic IP makes this possible.
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